When punching and therefore cutting skin tissue and extracting the hair follicle, blood vessels are effected. This is part of the surgical process. However, with this is mind, it is important to optimally manage extraction by not placing too much in terms of demand on each cm2 of the donor area and therefore limiting the percentage of follicles that are extracted which reduces/controls the "trauma" that each cm2 and its containing blood vessels will experience, allowing optimal recovery.
Once too many extractions are focused in a particular area, the "trauma" that occurs may be too much to allow the blood vessels to sufficiently heal and recover.